In the Northwest Territories, the incidence of bison road collisions seems to be decreasing. Between 2021 and 2025, the Department of Environment and Climate Change (ECC) in the N.W.T. documented 60 such collisions. However, in 2026, only one collision has been reported.
Terry Armstrong, a bison ecologist at ECC, attributes this decline to wildfires. He explains that wildfires prompt bison to alter their movements, as they are drawn to recently burned areas for vegetation. The appeal of freshly sprouting plants in these areas diverts bison attention away from roads where collisions are more likely.
Due to extensive fire-damaged regions in recent years, more bison are opting for post-wildfire habitats over roadsides, leading to a reduction in collisions. This trend is encouraging for the N.W.T. bison population, classified as a threatened species at both territorial and national levels.
Wood bison numbers in the N.W.T. are estimated to be in the thousands, with ECC approximating the population at slightly over 2,500 individuals. ECC spokesperson Toyeke Adedipe reported that between 2021 and 2025, at least 76 bison died as a result of collisions, with some incidents involving multiple animals. The majority of collisions occurred along Highway 3, resulting in 45 collisions and 56 bison fatalities.
Armstrong highlights that from August to September, during rutting season, bison may exhibit aggressive behavior on roads. The mating and dominance disputes among bulls can lead to risky encounters with vehicles. Additionally, decreased visibility during dawn and dusk, compounded by the absence of snow, heightens collision risks.
Armstrong advises caution, advocating for slow driving speeds, maintaining distance from bison, and avoiding actions that may startle them, especially during encounters with aggressive males. He stresses the importance of refraining from attempting to interact with bison and urges people to remain in their vehicles for safety.
Being the largest land mammal in North America, bison are resilient creatures with a long history. Armstrong emphasizes their uniqueness and the need to protect these iconic animals.